These pictures were taken in Bigwan, Maharashtra. We were able to spot Barred Button Quail, Rain Quail and Rock Bush Quail. 

All pictures are edited for clarity and no objects were removed or added. The picture is however cropped to suit my needs. Since most of the information about birds are available on the net, i have tried to consolidate them here in the writeup with the relevant links to the source. If there are any errors, please do let me know so i can correct them. 

Quails are fascinating birds with unique characteristics that distinguish them from other game birds. Here are some of the most notable aspects of quails:

Taxonomy and Diversity

Species Variety: There are over 130 species of quail, broadly categorized into Old World quail (family Phasianidae) and New World quail (family Odontophoridae). Old World quail are generally smaller and stockier, while New World quail tend to resemble partridges more closely.

Physical Characteristics

Distinctive Appearance: Quails have a plump body, short legs, and a round shape. Many species feature unique feather patterns that provide excellent camouflage against predators.

Coloration: Their plumage can vary significantly, with colors ranging from blue, black, brown, cream, to white, often with scale-like patterns.

Size: Quails are small, typically measuring between 4.5 to 7.8 inches in length and weighing around 2.4 to 4.9 ounces.

Behavior and Ecology

Social Structure: Quails are social birds, often living in groups called coveys. This social behavior enhances mating opportunities and provides protection from predators.

Diet: They have an omnivorous diet, primarily consisting of seeds, grains, and berries, but they also consume small insects and plant matter.

Camouflage and Defense: Quails possess exceptional camouflage abilities due to their mottled plumage, which helps them evade predators. They can also run at impressive speeds, reaching up to 15-20 miles per hour, allowing them to escape threats quickly.

Reproductive Habits

Nesting: Quails typically nest on the ground in well-hidden locations, laying between 1 to 12 eggs, with the male often participating in courtship and nesting activities. The chicks are precocial, meaning they are relatively mature and mobile shortly after hatching.

Monogamous Behavior: Many quail species form monogamous pairs during the breeding season, engaging in courtship displays to strengthen their bond.

Adaptations

Water Conservation: Quails have adapted to survive in arid environments and can obtain moisture from their diet, allowing them to endure extended periods without direct water sources.

Habitat Flexibility: They thrive in various habitats, including grasslands, deserts, and agricultural fields, demonstrating significant adaptability to different ecological conditions.

Quails play an essential ecological role as seed dispersers and are also popular among hunters due to their game bird status. Their unique adaptations and behaviors make them a subject of interest for both bird enthusiasts and ecologists alike.

References:
1. https://www.britannica.com/animal/quail
2. https://facts.net/lifestyle/food/19-facts-about-quail/
3. https://kidskonnect.com/animals/quail/
4. https://jlrexplore.com/explore/on-assignment/the-discovery-of-an-unusual-quail
5. https://quailforever.org/Habitat/Why-Habitat/Quail-Facts.aspx